Atomic-Level Optimization of Li/Na Iron Phosphate Battery Cathodes for Enhanced Performance and Sustainability

Research question

The mechanism for Li-ion insertion in LFP is well understood; however, it remains unclear for Mn-doped LFP and relatively unexplored for mixed polyphosphate cathodes as well as for their Na-ion analogues. The proposal aims to address this gap using new opportunities with X-ray-based methodology. The overall aim is to increase capacity in terms of voltage and transport through mixed Fe/Mn transition metal redox, as well as exploring opportunities for anionic redox.

Sustainability aspects

Future cathode development aims to reduce cobalt and lithium content while improving electrochemical performance, with recycling being crucial for mitigating resource stress. Further development of lithium iron phosphate cathode materials offers advantages in resource stress over many high-capacity cathodes used, although the pricing competitiveness of recycled materials may face challenges. The development of lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries contributes to UN Sustainable Development Goals by enabling affordable clean energy solutions and sustainable urban development (Goal 7,11), but their impact on Goal 12 efficient material use presents challenges that can be addressed through new material development, allowing for improved sourcing and consumption patterns (links to Goal 9).